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Justice and Equality Movement
The Justice and Equality Movement (JEM) ((アラビア語:حركة العدل والمساواة), ') is a Sudanese opposition group founded by Khalil Ibrahim,〔(BBC Staff (24 February 2009) "Who are Sudan's Darfur rebels?" ''BBC News'' )〕 the group has been led since January 2012 by his brother Gibril Ibrahim, as Khalil was killed in December 2011.〔"Darfur's strongest rebel group elects new chief" ''Reuters'', 26 January 2012 http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/01/26/ozatp-sudan-darfurr-idAFJOE80P05T20120126〕 JEM's political agenda includes issues such as: radical and comprehensive constitutional reform to grant Sudan's regions a greater share of power in ruling the country (one point of this is a rotating presidency), the replacement of social injustice and political tyranny with justice and equality, and basic services for every Sudanese.〔Uppsala Conflict Data Program Conflict Encyclopedia, Sudan, General Non-state conflict Information, JEM, Actor Description, viewed 25 July 2013, http://www.ucdp.uu.se/gpdatabase/gpcountry.php?id=145®ionSelect=1-Northern_Africa#〕
==Formation and organization==
The beginnings of the Justice and Equality Movement trace to the writers of the ''Black Book'', a manuscript published in 2000 that details the structural inequality in the country; the JEM founder, Khalil Ibrahim, was one of the authors.〔 JEM advocates replacing the dictatorship of Omar al-Bashir and the ruling Congress Party with a civil, democratic state that respects the rights of Sudan's various ethnic groups, women, and youth. The JEM further committed itself to these principles when it signed the New Dawn Charter in January 2013.〔Sudan Tribune, New Dawn agreement is strategic breakthrough for Sudan, JEM, 15 January 2013 http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article45202〕〔(The New Dawn Charter represents a crucial moment for Sudan ), ''Sudan Tribune'', 10 January 2013 〕
JEM claim to possesses forces numbering around 35,000 and an ethnically diverse membership.〔 According to critics it is not the "rainbow of tribes" it claims to be, as most Jem members, including its leader, are from the Zaghawa tribe.〔 JEM is part of the Sudan Revolutionary Front (SRF), an alliance of groups opposed to the government in Khartoum that include the Sudan Liberation Movement(Abdul Wahed), the Sudan Liberation Movement (Minnawi), and the Sudan Liberation Movement - North.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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